Compare Senegal (2004) - Sierra Leone (2006)

Compare Senegal (2004) z Sierra Leone (2006)

	Senegal (2004)	Sierra Leone (2006)

Administrative divisions	11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor	3 provinces and 1 area; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.2% (male 2,368,011; female 2,325,298) 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,803,192; female 3,025,304) 65 years and over: 3% (male 158,881; female 171,461) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 44.8% (male 1,321,563/female 1,370,721) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1,494,502/female 1,625,733) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 90,958/female 101,773) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish	rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	20 (2003 est.)	10 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area	total: 196,190 sq km land: 192,000 sq km water: 4,190 sq km	total: 71,740 sq km land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than South Dakota	slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background	Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.	The government is slowly reestablishing its authority after the 1991 to 2002 civil war that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). The last UN peacekeepers withdrew in December 2005, leaving full responsibility for security with domestic forces, but a new civilian UN office remains to support the government. Mounting tensions related to planned 2007 elections, deteriorating political and economic conditions in Guinea, and the tenuous security situation in neighboring Liberia may present challenges to continuing progress in Sierra Leone's stability.
Birth rate	35.72 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	45.76 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.304 billion expenditures: $1.367 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $96 million expenditures: $351 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Dakar	name: Freetown geographic coordinates: 8 30 N, 13 15 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind	tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Coastline	531 km	402 km
Constitution	a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001	1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal local short form: Senegal	conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone local long form: Republic of Sierra Leone local short form: Sierra Leone
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	-
Death rate	10.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	23.03 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$3.009 billion (2003 est.)	$1.61 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Alan ROTH embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar telephone: [221] 823-4296 FAX: [221] 822-2991	chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas N. HULL embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 226481 through 226485 FAX: [232] (22) 225471
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315 consulate(s) general: New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim M. KAMARA chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793
Disputes - international	The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem refugees, cross border raids, arms smuggling, and political instability from a separatist movement in Senegal's Casamance region	domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone perpetuate insurgencies, street violence, looting, arms trafficking, ethnic conflicts, and refugees in border areas; UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) has maintained over 4,000 peacekeepers in Sierra Leone since 1999; Sierra Leone pressures Guinea to remove its forces from the town of Yenga occupied since 1998
Economic aid - recipient	$362.6 million (2002 est.)	$297.4 million (2003 est.)
Economy - overview	In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2003. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.	Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings, accounting for nearly half of Sierra Leone's exports. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. The IMF has completed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program that helped stabilize economic growth and reduce inflation. A recent increase in political stability has led to a revival of economic activity, such as the rehabilitation of bauxite mining.
Electricity - consumption	1.412 billion kWh (2001)	242.4 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	1.518 billion kWh (2001)	260.6 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m
Environment - current issues	wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing	rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%	20 African ethnic groups 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	leones per US dollar - 2,889.6 (2005), 2,701.3 (2004), 2,347.9 (2003), 2,099 (2002), 1,986.2 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%	chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held 28 July 2007) election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH reelected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 70.6%, Ernest KOROMA (APC) 22.4%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton	diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish
Exports - partners	India 13%, France 12.2%, Mali 9.5%, Italy 8.5%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.4%, Spain 5% (2003)	Belgium 66.2%, Germany 13.5%, US 4.6% (2005)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue
GDP	purchasing power parity - $17.09 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 16.8% industry: 27.2% services: 56% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 49% industry: 31% services: 21% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.5% (2003 est.)	7.5% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	14 00 N, 14 00 W	8 30 N, 11 30 W
Geography - note	westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal	rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa
Heliports	-	2 (2006)
Highways	total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)	lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	foods and beverages, capital goods, fuels	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals
Imports - partners	France 24.9%, Nigeria 12.2%, Thailand 6.7%, Spain 4.3% (2003)	Germany 18.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.2%, UK 8.5%, US 6.9%, China 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, South Africa 4.1% (2005)
Independence	4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960	27 April 1961 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	2.9% (2003 est.)	NA%
Industries	agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials	diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 56.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 60.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 52.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 160.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 177.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 142.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0% (2003 est.)	1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	710 sq km (1998 est.)	300 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992	Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Labor force	4.62 million NA (2003)	1.369 million (1981 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 70%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Land boundaries	total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km	total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Land use	arable land: 12.78% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 87.01% (2001)	arable land: 7.95% permanent crops: 1.05% other: 91% (2005)
Languages	French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka	English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Legal system	based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10	unicameral Parliament (124 seats - 112 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 70.06%, APC 22.35%, PLP 3%, others 4.59%; seats by party - SLPP 83, APC 27, PLP 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 56.56 years male: 54.94 years female: 58.23 years (2004 est.)	total population: 40.22 years male: 38.05 years female: 42.46 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.2% male: 50% female: 30.7% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 29.6% male: 39.8% female: 20.5% (2000 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 54 ships (1000 GRT or over) 185,037 GRT/249,996 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 36, chemical tanker 3, combination ore/oil 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 14 (China 2, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Russia 1, Syria 1, UAE 3, Ukraine 4, US 1) (2006)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)	Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Air Wing, Maritime Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$95.8 million (2003)	$14.25 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.5% (2003)	1.7% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,490,290 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,301,761 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 119,833 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 4 April (1960)	Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Nationality	noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese	noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean
Natural hazards	lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts	dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Natural resources	fish, phosphates, iron ore	diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Net migration rate	0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2006 est.)
Pipelines	gas 564 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties	All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others
Political pressure groups and leaders	labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers	trade unions and student unions
Population	10,852,147 (July 2004 est.)	6,005,250 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	54% (2001 est.)	68% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate	2.52% (2004 est.)	2.3% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Railways	total: 906 km narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (2003)	-
Religions	Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)	Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: good system domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	228,800 (2003)	24,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	575,900 (2003)	113,200 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	2 (1999)
Terrain	generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast	coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Total fertility rate	4.84 children born/woman (2004 est.)	6.08 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)	NA%
Waterways	1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2003)	800 km (600 km year round) (2005)

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